SYSTEM CALLS AND OS

Case Study on Operating System Evolution & Performance Optimization Scenario: A multinational corporation is facing performance bottlenecks in its legacy batch processing system. The company is considering an upgrade to a modern multiprogramming operating system to improve efficiency. However, some key stakeholders are concerned about compatibility, cost, and security. Questions: Analyze the differences between batch processing and multiprogramming OS. How will the transition impact CPU utilization and response time? What challenges might arise during the migration, and how can they be mitigated? As an OS consultant, propose an optimized system design for smooth migration, considering factors like system calls, user interface, and security. Case Study on System Calls & OS Design in a Real-Time Environment Scenario: A self-driving car company is developing an autonomous vehicle system that requires real-time processing for sensor data, navigation, and decision-making. The operating system needs to provide low-latency system calls, efficient interrupt handling, and a reliable user interface for monitoring and control. Questions: Identify and explain the types of system calls required for real-time processing in this scenario. How should the OS be designed and implemented to ensure high availability, low latency, and fault tolerance? Compare monolithic vs. microkernel-based OS structures for this system. Which one would you recommend and why?

DEADLOCKS AND PAGING

1.Scenario: A bank’s transaction processing system allows multiple users to access account details and perform transfers simultaneously. To ensure consistency, the system uses locks on account records. However, the bank has noticed occasional system slowdowns where transactions get stuck, requiring manual intervention. After investigation, the IT team suspects that a deadlock is occurring when multiple transactions try to access and modify the same set of accounts. Assignment Questions: Understanding Deadlock: Explain the necessary conditions for deadlock and analyze how they apply to the given banking system scenario. Resource Allocation Graph: Draw a Resource Allocation Graph (RAG) representing a possible deadlock situation in the system. Identify any circular wait conditions. Deadlock Detection: Describe an algorithm the bank can use to detect deadlocks in real-time. Apply this algorithm to a sample dataset of transactions. Deadlock Prevention: Discuss how the Banker’s Algorithm could be applied to prevent deadlock in this system. Provide an example with a small transaction dataset. Deadlock Avoidance vs. Recovery: Compare deadlock avoidance and recovery strategies. Which approach would be better for the bank’s system, and why? 2.Case Study on Paging in Operating Systems Scenario: A university is implementing a virtual memory system to support multiple applications running simultaneously on shared computer systems in their lab. The system uses paging for memory management. However, students have reported that certain applications run slower than expected, and system logs show frequent page faults. Assignment Questions: Concept of Paging: Explain how paging works in an OS. Why is it necessary for managing memory in a multi-user environment? Page Table Design: Design a page table structure for an application that requires 256 KB of memory, assuming a page size of 4 KB. How many page table entries are needed? Page Faults Analysis: Explain what causes page faults in this system. How can frequent page faults affect performance? Page Replacement Algorithms: The university IT team wants to optimize performance by choosing a suitable page replacement algorithm. Compare and analyze the following algorithms for the given scenario: FIFO (First In, First Out) LRU (Least Recently Used) Optimal Page Replacement