Lecture Notes

Dear Students the Lecture Notes has been uploaded for the following topics:</br> Water – Characteristics - hardness, </br> Boiler feed water - requirements - disadvantages of using hard water in boilers, </br>nternal conditioning (colloidal – phosphate - calgon and carbonate conditioning methods, </br>external conditioning - zeolite process, </br> demineralization process, </br>desalination of brackish water by reverse osmosis, </br> Domestic water treatment - Disinfection methods, </br>chlorination, </br> ozonation and UV treatment