Units and dimensions - Properties of fluids - mass density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility, vapour pressure, surface tension and capillarity. Pascal’s law and hydrostatic law. Absolute, gauge and vacuum pressures. Pressure measurement devices - U-tube manometers, pressure gauges. Flow characteristics -concept of control volume - application of continuity equation, energy equation and momentum equation. Lab Experiments: ⮚Verification of Bernoulli’s equation ⮚Determination of the coefficient of discharge of given Orifice meter/Venturimeter.
Hydraulic and energy gradient - Laminar flow through circular conduits - Boundary layer concepts -types of boundary layer thickness -Darcy Weisbach equation –friction factor - Moody diagram - commercial pipes - minor losses -Flow through pipes in series and parallel. Lab Experiments: ⮚Determination of friction factor for a given set of pipes ⮚Determination of major and minor losses in pipes
Need for dimensional analysis –dimensional analysis by using Buckingham’s π theorem method -Similitude –types of similitude - Dimensionless parameters - Reynold’s Number - Froude’s Number - Euler’s Number - Weber’s Number - Mach’s Number - application of dimensionless Parameters-Model analysis.
Impact of jets -Euler’s equation - Theory of rotodynamic machines- various efficiencies-velocity components at entry and exit of the rotor - velocity triangles -Centrifugal pumps-working principle - work done by the impeller - Reciprocating pump - working principle. Rotary pumps –classifications. Lab Experiments: ⮚Performance studies on centrifugal pump ⮚Performance studies on reciprocating pump
Classification of turbines -heads and efficiencies -velocity triangles. Axial, radial and mixed flow turbines. Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbines - working principles - work done by water on the runner -draft tube. Specific speed - unit quantities - performance curves for turbines - governing of turbines. Lab Experiments: ⮚Performance studies on Pelton wheel ⮚Performance studies on Francis turbine ⮚Performance studies on of Kaplan turbine
Reference Book:
1.Modi P.N. and Seth, S.M. "Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic Machines", Standard Book House, New Delhi 2019. 2.Robert W. Fox, Alan T. McDonald, Philip J. Pritchard, “Fluid Mechanics and Machineryâ€, 2019 3.Kumar. K.L., Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2018 4.Streeter. V. L., and Wylie, E.B., Fluid Mechanics, McGraw Hill, 2017. 5.Rajput. R. K, “A text book of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinesâ€, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, sixth edition, 2018
Text Book:
1.Yunus A. Çengel, John M. Cimbala., Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, McGraw - Hill Higher Education, 2019. 2.Bansal, R.K., Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Machines, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi. 2019.
