Components – Direction of Data flow – Networks – Types of Connections – Topologies –Protocols and Standards – OSI and TCP/IP model, Physical layer: Transmission modes, Transmission Media, Switching, Circuit Switched Networks, Datagram Networks, Virtual Circuit Networks.

Introduction, Framing, Flow and Error Control, Noiseless Channels, Noisy Channels, HDLC, Point to Point Protocols. Medium Access sub layer: ALOHA, CSMA/CD, LAN – Ethernet IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.5 – IEEE 802.11

Network Layer Services, Internetworking, Tunneling, Address mapping, ICMP, IGMP, Uni-Cast Routing Protocols, Multicast Routing Protocols.

Process to Process Delivery, UDP and TCP protocols, Data Traffic, Congestion control, Domain name space, DNS in internet, electronic mail, SMTP, FTP, WWW, HTTP, SNMP.

Network Layer Security - IPSec, Transport Layer Security- SSL/TLS, SSH, Application Layer Security –PGP, Firewall - Concepts, Architecture, Packet Filtering, Proxy Services.