Introduction – Operating system structures – System components – OS services – System calls – System structure – Resources Processes -System Organization – Architecture – Operating-System Operations – Threads – Objects – Device Management – Different approaches – Buffering device drivers – Resource Management – Security and Protection – Distributed Systems – Kernel Data Structures – Operating-System Services

Processes – Process concepts – Process scheduling – Operations on processes – Cooperating processes – CPU scheduling – Basic concepts – Scheduling criteria – Scheduling algorithms – Pre-emptive strategies – Non pre-emptive strategies- The critical section problem – Semaphores – Classic problems of synchronization – Critical regions – Monitors – Deadlocks – Deadlock characterization – Prevention – Avoidance – Detection – Recovery.

Storage Management strategies – Contiguous Vs. Non-Contiguous Allocation – Fixed and Variable Partition Multiprogramming – Paging – Segmentation – Paging / Segmentation Systems – Page Replacement Strategies – Demand & Anticipatory Paging – File concepts – Access Methods – Directory structure – File sharing – Protection – File – System structure – Implementation.

Mass storage structure – Disk structure – Disk Scheduling – Disk Management – Swap Space Management – RAID structure – Shell Operation Commands – File Management Operation – Internet Service – Telnet – FTP – Filters and Regular Expressions – Case study (Linux) – Shell Programming– Variable, Arithmetic Operations, Control Structures, Handling Date , Time and System Information

Security Goals – Trust and Threat Model – Access Control Fundamentals – Protection System – Reference Monitor – Secure Operating System Definition – Assessment Criteria – Information Flow– Information Flow Secrecy Models – Denning’s Lattice Model – Bell LaPadula Model – Information Flow Integrity Models – Biba Integrity Model – Low-Water Mark Integrity – ClarkWilson Integrity